Historic Sites of Lancashire and Cheshire A Wayfarer's Notes in the Palatine Counties, Historical, Legendary, Genealogical, and Descriptive. — Story, Setting & Ideas
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Swarthmoor Hall and the Founder of the Society of Friends 1
Old Alderley and its Memories--The Stanleys--Edward Stanley, Pastor and Prelate--The Home of Dean Stanley 50
Rivington and the Lords Willoughby--The Pilkingtons--The Story of a Lancashire Bishop 104
Handforth Hall--The Breretons--Sir William Brereton 171
Newby Bridge and the Lake Country--An Autumn Day at Cartmel--The Priory Church 249
Disley--A May Day at Lyme--Lyme Hall and the Leghs 278
"Jemmy Dawson" and the Fatal '45 397
A Morning at Little Moreton 431
AUTOGRAPH OF MARGARET FELL 21
GEORGE FOX'S MEETING HOUSE 22
MEETING OF FOX AND CROMWELL 29
AUTOGRAPH OF THOMAS FELL 30
FAC-SIMILE OF FOX'S HANDWRITING 34
GATEWAY, LANCASTER CASTLE 35
AUTOGRAPH OF WILLIAM PENN 41
AUTOGRAPH OF DANIEL ABRAHAM 47
AUTOGRAPH OF EDWARD STANLEY 93
AUTOGRAPH OF THE BISHOP OF NORWICH 95
AUTOGRAPH OF DEAN STANLEY 103
INTERIOR, DURHAM CATHEDRAL 151
AUTOGRAPH OF SIR WILLIAM BRERETON 217
SIR WILLIAM BRERETON 245
THE "SWAN," NEWBY BRIDGE 248
WINDMILL AT CRESCY 293
AUTOGRAPH OF SIR PETER LEGH 361
AUTOGRAPH OF RICHARD LEGH 367
TRAITORS' GATE, THE TOWER 371
MR. BYROM'S HOUSE AT THE CROSS 399
ACCRINGTON AND CHURCH CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY, Accrington. ADSHEAD, G. H., Esq., Fern Villas, Bolton Road, Pendleton. ANDREWS, P. S., Esq., Accountant, Ashton-under-Lyne. ANNINGSON, JOSEPH WILLIAM, Esq., L.R.C.P., 11, Yorkshire Street, Burnley. ARDERN, LAWRENCE, Esq., Mile End, Stockport. ASHWORTH, JOSEPH, Esq., Albion Place, Bury. ASHWORTH, J., Esq., 47, Cannon Street, Manchester. ASHWORTH, WALTER, Esq., The Hollies, Bury. ASPLAND, L. M., Esq., 47, Linden Gardens, Bayswater, London, W. ATHERTON, JAMES, Esq., Miles Platting, Manchester. ATTOCK, FRED, Esq., Somerset House, Newton Heath, Manchester. AUCHINCLOSS, P. W., Esq., Prestbury. AXON, W. E. A., Esq., F.R.S.L., Fern Bank, Higher Broughton. AYRE, Rev. L. R., M.A., Holy Trinity Vicarage, Ulverston.
BAGNALL, BENJAMIN, Esq., Eaton Gardens House, Brighton, Sussex. BAGNALL, J. FFREEMAN, Esq., Runcorn. BAILEY, J. E., Esq., F.S.A., Stretford. BAKER, WILLIAM, Esq., Messrs. Cassell & Co. BARNES, ISAAC, Esq., Corporation Inn, Ashton-under-Lyne (2 copies). BARLOW, J. R., Esq., J.P., Edgeworth, Bolton. BARLOW, W. WYCLIFFE, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow, Cheshire. BARRATT, PETER, Esq., Greengate Lane, Prestwich. BARNES, ALFRED, Esq., Farnworth, near Bolton. BARNSTON, Miss, 16, Cambridge Road, Brighton. BAYLEY, WILLIAM, Esq., Cray Brow, Lymm. BAZLEY, SIR THOS., Bart., Eyford Park, Stow-on-the-Wold. BEARD, JAMES, Esq., The Grange, Burnage. BEALES, ROBERT, Esq., M.D., Congleton. BELL, Rev. E. J., M.A., Rural Dean, Rector of Alderley. BENTLEY, A. F., Esq., Albion Place, Bury. BESWICK, JOHN, Esq., 1, Great Ducie Street, Manchester. BIRLEY, The late HUGH, Esq., M.P., Moorland, Withington. BIRLEY, JAMES, Esq., Huskisson Street, Liverpool. BLAND, GEORGE, Esq., Park Green, Macclesfield. BLOMFIELD, Rev. Canon, Mollington Hall, Chester. BODDINGTON, HENRY, Junr., Esq., Strangeways Brewery, Manchester. 3 copies BODDINGTON, HENRY, Esq., The Cove, Silverdale, Carnforth. BODDINGTON, W. SLATER, Esq., Monton House, Eccles. BODLEIAN LIBRARY, Oxford. BOOTH, C. H., Esq., Solicitor, Ashton-under-Lyne. BOOTH, JOHN GREGORY, Esq., Knight Hills, Padiham. BOOTE, D., Esq., Oakfield, Ashton-on-Mersey. BOSTON ATHENÆUM, Boston, Mass. BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, Boston, Mass. BOSTOCK, ROBERT CHIGNELL, Esq., Little Langtons, Chislehurst, Kent. BOULTON, ISAAC W., Esq., J.P., Stamford House, Ashton-under-Lyne. BOWDLER, WM. HENRY, Esq., J.P., Kirkham, Lancashire. BOYLE, Rev. J. R., 24, Normanton Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne. BRADSHAW, CHRISTOPHER, Esq., Kenwood, Ellesmere Park, Eccles. BRADDON, C. H., Esq., M.D., Cheetham Hill, Manchester. BRADSHAW, GEORGE PARIS, Esq., 30, Gloucester Street, Warwick Square, London, S.W. BRAGG, HARRY, Esq., The Mount, Blackburn. BRIDE, Dr., Wilmslow. BRIDGEMAN, The Hon. and Rev. Canon, The Hall, Wigan. BROADBENT, EDWIN, Esq., Reddish, near Stockport. BROCKLEHURST, WILLIAM COARE, Esq., Butley Hall, Prestbury. BROMLEY, F. W. Esq., Solicitor, Ashton-under-Lyne. BROOK, J., Esq., Sunnyside, Old Trafford. BROOKE, Sir R., Bart., Norton Priory, Runcorn. BROWNELL, JOHN, Esq., Hazlecroft, Alderley Edge. BROWN, Rev. Canon, M.A. Staley Vicarage, Staleybridge. BROWN, R., Esq., Mosley Grange, Cheadle Hulme. BROWN, COUNCILLOR W., 720, Rochdale Road, Manchester. BUCKLEY, R. J., Esq., Strangeways Brewery, Manchester. BUCKLEY, R. J. E., Victoria Street, Manchester. BULLOCK, THOS. Esq. (The late), Rock House, Sutton, Macclesfield. BURROW, JOSEPH, Esq., Agincourt, Bury. BURTON, ALFRED, Esq., 37, Cross Street, Manchester.
CARRINGTON, H. H. SMITH, Esq., Whalley Bridge. East Cheshire. CHARLTON, HENRY, Esq., Tytherington Hall, Macclesfield. CHETHAM'S LIBRARY, Manchester. CONNELL, THOS. R., Esq., Wavertree, near Liverpool. CHORLTON, THOS., Esq., 32, Brazenose Street. CHORLTON, WM., Esq., Fairfield, near Manchester. CHRYSTAL, R. S., Esq., Flixton. CLARKE, MATTHEW, Esq., 7, Cumberland Street, Macclesfield. COATES, The Misses, Sunny Side, Crawshawbooth. COLLINS, JAMES, Esq., Ada Villa, Old Trafford, Manchester. COOPER, THOS., Esq., Mossleigh House, Congleton. COPPOCK, RUSSELL, Esq., Solicitor, Stockport. CORDINLEY, D., Esq., Surveyor, Ashton-under-Lyne. COULTATE, WILLIAM MILLER, Esq., F.R.C.S., J.P., 1, York Street, Burnley. CRAVEN, THOS., Esq., Merlewood, Chorlton-cum-Hardy. CREEKE, MAJOR, A. B., Esq., Monkholme, Burnley. CROFTON, Mrs., 29, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, London, W. CROMPTON, GEORGE, Esq., Laund, Brierfield, Burnley. CRONKSHAW, JOHN, Esq., White Bull Hotel, Blackburn. CROSS, JOHN, Esq., Cambridge Villa, Heaton Norris. CROSS, The Right Hon. Sir R. A., M.P., Eccle Riggs, Broughton-in-Furness. CROSTON, Mrs. S. W., Claremont Villas, Twickenham. CUNLIFFE, ED. T., The Parsonage, Handforth.
James Croston's Historic Sites of Lancashire and Cheshire (1883) opens with a preface that distinguishes his method from conventional history: he aims to give particular localities 'an individuality and freshness' by weaving together 'well-attested facts, topographical description, personal narrative and local legend.' The book's subtitle—'A Wayfarer's Notes'—signals a peripatetic, anecdotal approach, and Croston, a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, grounds his observations in archival research while leaving room for the 'warm colouring of romance.'
In the excerpt on Cartmel, for instance, he moves from a charter of King Ecgfrith (c. 680) granting 'the whole of the lands called Cartmel, with all the Britons in it' to a medieval foundation legend involving a mysterious voice directing monks to 'a valley between two rivers.' This layering of documentary evidence and oral tradition is characteristic of Croston's method throughout the volume.
Diction and the Antiquarian Voice
Croston's prose is deliberately antiquarian, favoring Latinate constructions and formal period syntax. He describes the Cartmel monks 'plodding their way wearily through the tangled forests' and writes of 'the cold outlines of historic fact' being filled in by 'the warm colouring of romance.' His vocabulary includes terms like 'entrenched camp,' 'fraternity of canons regular,' and 'aboriginal Britons,' reflecting his membership in historical and archaeological societies. Yet he occasionally shifts to a more direct, almost conversational tone—as when he notes that 'the poor homeless fathers' obeyed a 'supernatural command'—which humanizes the narrative without sacrificing precision.
Dialogue and Reported Speech
Croston rarely reproduces direct speech, but he frequently paraphrases historical documents and legends in a way that mimics oral testimony. The Cartmel foundation story is relayed as 'it is said' that the canons 'somehow or other found their way into this remote corner of Lancashire,' and a 'mysterious voice' directed them to a new site. This indirect discourse preserves the flavor of local tradition while allowing Croston to maintain scholarly distance. When he quotes a charter—'Willelmus Clericus de Kertmel'—he does so to anchor legend in verifiable record, creating a dialogue between written evidence and folk memory.
Descriptive Precision and Landscape
Croston's descriptions are notably specific about topography and architecture. He notes that the Roman camp at Cartmel was 'in the fields on the bank of the little river Ea, now called the Beck, a little to the north-west of the church,' and that the fields are 'known as the Castle Meadows.' He identifies a hill 'commanding an agreeable prospect' and a valley 'between two rivers, where the one runs north and the other south.' Such details ground the narrative in observable geography, allowing readers to trace the sites themselves. His eye for physical setting—'a green nook hidden away among the bleak mountain solitudes'—evokes both the isolation and the allure of these historic locations.
Structure and the Wayfarer's Method
The book's structure mirrors its subtitle: each chapter treats a specific site, moving chronologically through its history but pausing for legend, genealogy, and architectural description. Croston frequently signals gaps in knowledge—'a chasm of something like five centuries occurs in the history'—and acknowledges uncertainty ('it is not unreasonable to assume'). This honest handling of incomplete evidence distinguishes his work from more sweeping histories. The wayfarer conceit allows him to digress without losing coherence, as when he follows the Cartmel monks' wanderings step by step, building suspense before their eventual discovery of the vale.
Readers approaching Historic Sites of Lancashire and Cheshire will find it most rewarding when read as a companion to a map or a visit to the locations themselves. Croston's method—alternating between documentary evidence and local legend—invites the reader to weigh the reliability of each source. The book is not a continuous narrative but a series of discrete explorations; dipping into individual chapters yields the richest experience. Pay attention to the footnotes and the author's asides, where his personality and scholarly caution emerge most clearly.
There’s something about Croston’s way of wandering—how he lets a ruin tell its own slow story—that reminds me of another quiet companionship. His stones hold centuries; the amphibian bones in The Coal Measures Amphibia of North America — A Reader’s Guide hold eons. Both left me feeling strangely grateful, as if the past had simply touched my sleeve and moved on.
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